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Who was Starrish Mark Duggan?
Duggan’s Facebook page, under his alias Starrish Mark, showed him in a T-shirt with the words Star Gang. Reports suggest he probably had links to that group and allied north London gangs such as the Broadwater Farm Posse and Tottenham Mandem. These street gangs are said to be associated with the violent ‘Yardie‘ gangs of Jamaican origin. A photograph of Duggan making a gangsta gun pose with his fingers strengthens the impression that he wanted to advertise this gang allegiance.
The Voice, Britain’s leading black newspaper, has claimed that both Duggan and his cousin, 23 year old rapper Kelvin Easton, known as Smegz, “had links to the Star Gang.” Easton, described by londonstreetgangs.com as an “elder” of a group collectively called the Farm Mandem, was stabbed to death with a broken champagne bottle at the Boheme nightclub in Mile End, East London, in March.
When Duggan was shot in a mini-cab last Thursday he was under investigation by officers from Trident, the Metropolitan police unit responsible for gun crime within the black community. Duggan’s Facebook page carried photographs of him and a large number of messages left by friends. Several shots showed him in gangster poses; in others he is dressed all in black, or shown gesturing from behind the wheel of a yellow sports car with headlights blazing. Beneath that photo Duggan posted the message: “I aint even countin money no more, if it aint right it jus aint right, it does’nt even matter 2 me no more.”
According to some residents of Broadwater Farm, Duggan was a crack cocaine dealer who routinely carried a gun. Some of the messages posted by friends on his Facebook pages suggest gang involvement, referring to Duggan as a “soldier”, a “true star boy” and a “five star general”. One of the messages left among the bouquets outside Duggan’s family home referred to “Gang N17 Farm”, the name of one of the Star gang’s allies.
Shortly before he was shot Duggan sent a message on his Blackberry saying ‘The Feds (police) are following me’. Early stories of an exchange of fire in which a police officer was hit are now in doubt after indications that the bullet lodged in the police radio came from a police issue gun. It remains likely that Duggan was the subject of police attention because he was suspected of being armed and possibly on a mission to avenge the death of his cousin.
Family and supporters of Duggan gathered outside Tottenham police station on Saturday evening. Although the whole world had been told that the IPCC was investigating the shooting and the police could not comment, this group apparently didn’t know that so they demanded ‘answers’ and ‘justice’ from the local police. At some point a teenage girl starting throwing things at the police. It is alleged that she was hit or knocked down by a police officer and this seems to have been taken as a signal to burn police cars. Full scale riot and looting began.
We won’t know the full circumstances of Duggan’s shooting until the IPCC completes its enquiry, but the information circulating so far is enough for me to consider that the dead man was a reasonable subject for attention by armed police. It is to be expected that Duggan’s family will present him in a different light. Their genuine pain is a matter for them. I hope that they will now stay completely out of public view and hold an entirely private funeral. Anything other than that will be inflammatory.
Within minutes of the first disorder on Saturday night, arson, looting and attacks on police were being coordinated by Blackberry messages. There was some degree of tactical sophistication in attacking one area and then when the police had organised their resources, calling off that activity and declaring another target area. None of this had anything to do with Duggan or the teenage missile thrower. Anything could have been the trigger. This was emphasised even more strongly on Sunday and Monday nights when the criminal attacks spread across London and into other English cities.
What common factors are there in the disorder?
- Different races are involved, but the rioters are predominantly black.
- Most rioters are young and some are children.
- The targets are high value looting without any political content.
- The rioters may be jobless or too young to work, but they have Blackberrys, Iphones, etc.
It is likely that there are a few people taking advantage of this situation to pursue anarchist or other revolutionary aims, but they are probably insignificant. There is no organised anti-government movement.
Urban gangs will undoubtedly try to consolidate their influence over neighbourhoods in this situation. Apart from asserting the territories in which they do illegal trading there may be attempts to exclude the police and impose their own control.
This is not protest about the death of Mark Duggan. It is not a politically coherent opposition to to our system of government. Although the depressed state of the economy could be an aggravating factor, there is no financial action that could be taken which would have any effect on this situation.
These riots, robberies and looting are a failure of social control. This is a society breakdown because of alienation. The criminals do not relate to the bureaucracies which hand out benefits, but are faceless and unaccountable. The youth are not dependent on work or their families for their means of life. They have a basic handout that they take to be a right and they have no interest in where it comes from. Beyond that their aspirations are to have cars, girls, status and power. The only people they can see who have these things are the gangs who control drugs, sex and protection.
There must be an immediate fix followed by a longer term solution.
The fix now requires:
- Special courts sitting continually to process those who have been charged as quickly as possible. These need to be conducted by District Judges without juries.
- Wide distribution of images of those responsible for crimes and a public appeal to identify and locate offenders.
- Emergency police powers to close businesses and clear areas until order is restored.
As soon as the riots have been suppressed the root cause has to be addressed. The heart can be knocked out of gang finances by de-criminalising recreational drug use and removing legal restrictions on the sex industry. Alongside that there needs to be targeted police action to arrest the criminal leadership without excessive hesitation due to race or supposed cultural sensitivity.
In the affected areas there must be a zero tolerance approach to criminal damage, graffiti, rubbish, gang tagging and border marking. Communities must be cleaned up by people working community sentences. It is particularly important that influential gang members are returned to their own communities and seen to be required to work, stripped of their bling and bravado. It is only in this way that the grip of these people will be broken and the culture of respect, honour and quasi-military deference discredited. Instead of lauding themselves as soldiers, community wrecking criminals have to be seen as the destructive parasites they are.
Most importantly for the longer term our welfare system must be progressively dismantled. Far from riots being the product of poverty or disadvantage they are permitted by handouts and indulgence of indolence.
It will be claimed that denying benefits to people like Duggan, who had four children, will force them into crime. This is laughable. I don’t know if he did any legitimate work, but his Blackberry, his mini-cab journeys, and his lifestyle posing with flash cars in gangsta pose was not financed by welfare. Benefits are a comfortable cushion for times when the crime is quiet or too hard work.
Time may tell whether Duggan was out to kill or that his death could possibly have been avoided. Whatever the case of that, it is not the reason why London and other cities are gripped by arson and theft. The rioting comes out of failed communities.
The only solution is greater self-reliance, simpler laws that are rigorously enforced and governments that allow people to earn money legitimately and does not take too much of it away from them when they have worked for it. The last thing we need is another army of community workers, capacity builders and all the other nonsense that has excused crime for far too long.
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